Published on Oct 08, 2025
Understanding Myom Definition
Causes Symptoms Diagnosis and Treatment
Introduction
Myom also referred to as uterine Myom or uterine fibroids among the most prevalent
benign tumors of the female reproductive system. Although most women can
coexist with Myom without any pain or symptom in some instances
they can cause serious health complications impacting fertility menstrual
health and quality of life. In this comprehensive blog I will explore what Myom is how it develops what symptoms it may cause how
it is diagnosed current treatment options preventive strategies and prognosis.
This article is structured to help patients caregivers and readers understand Myom from a medical and practical perspective.
What Is a Myom
A Myom is a noncancerous tumor consisting of smooth
muscle cells and fibrous connective tissue. When used in reference to women
health the term is usually used to describe uterine Myom that develop
from the uterine muscular wall Myom . The growths are also described as Myom uterine fibroid. Merriam Webster describes Myom as a tumor consisting of muscle tissue.
Merriam Webster
Myom are also of varying size ranging from microscopic
nodules to bulky masses that alter the shape of the uterus. They can be single
or multiple. Most women with Myom of the uterus do not have any symptoms and do not
even know they have them.
Yale Medicine
At a biological level the prefix myosin muscle and the
suffix omais a tumor or swelling. Therefore Myom refers to a
tumor of muscle.
Thought Co
Types Classifications of Uterine Myom
Uterine Myom tend to be classified according to their location
within or outside the uterine wall. They all have their own implication
regarding symptoms and treatment strategy.
Sub mucous Myom
These are found just underneath the lining of the uterine
cavity endometrium. Due to nearness to the uterine cavity they tend to produce
heavy menstrual bleeding or intermenstrual bleeding.
Intramural Myom
These are located in the muscular wall Myom the uterus. They are the most frequent type.
Intramural Myom can grow in size and press on surrounding organs.
Subserosal Myom
These grow on the outside surface of the uterus beneath the
outer serosal layer. They can extend outward occasionally being held by a stalk
pedunculated. They can be asymptomatic until they become large.
Carinal Myom
These are fairly uncommon and present in the cervix lower
part of the uterus. They can compress nearby structures or compromise cervical
canal.
Intraligamentary or Parasitic Myom
These are less common. They can be found in ligaments around
the uterus or even become attached externally at times deriving blood supply
from no uterine sources.
Causes and Risk Factors of Myom
Even though the actual cause of uterine Myom is not yet known studies have linked hormonal
genetic and environmental factors that affect their growth and development.
Hormonal Influence
Myom are estrogen and progesterone sensitive. They
grow during the reproductive period when these two hormones are present and
tend to diminish after menopause when hormone production decreases.
Estrogen promotes smooth muscle cell growth and
proliferation. Progesterone can also help by augmenting growth factors in the
uterine tissue.
Genetic and Familial Predisposition
Women with a family history of uterine fibroids are at
increased risk of developing them. Some chromosomal abnormalities have been
found in fibroid tissue.
Growth Factors and Local Tissue Environment
Growth factors like insulin like growth factor transforming
growth factor vascular growth factors and extracellular matrix components can
possibly affect the development and growth of fibroids.
Other Risk Factors
Age Myom are prevalent in women aged 3040 years.
Race and Ethnicity African and Afro Caribbean women have a
higher tendency to develop fibroids typically at younger stages and in higher
quantity.
Wikipedia
Hormonal Therapy Estrogen Exposure High cumulative estrogen
exposure e.g. early menarche late menopause use of some hormonal therapies
could increase the risk.
Obesity Increased body mass index is linked with raised risk
due to increased peripheral estrogen conversion.
Diet and Lifestyle Certain dietary and environmental
exposures are being studied although evidence remains inconclusive.
Symptoms and Clinical Presentation
Most women with uterine Myom have no symptoms particularly if
the tumors are small or positioned in a way that they do not encroach on
adjacent tissues. When symptoms do exist they can be quite variable based on
number size rate of growth and location of the Myom .
Diagnosis of Myom
Diagnosis of uterine Myom depends on history physical
examination imaging and occasionally laboratory tests.
Clinical Evaluation
A gynecologist will take a thorough history of menstrual
regularity pain urinary or bowel symptoms history of fertility and family
history. A pelvic exam might identify an enlarged irregular uterus.
Imaging Methods
Transvaginal Ultrasound TVUS
Most frequent first line imaging. Will identify number size
and location of Myom .
Transabdominal Ultrasound
Employed when Myom are large or transvaginal ultrasound is not
adequate for complete visualization.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI
MRI provides good resolution especially in advanced cases to
map fibroids accurately especially before surgery.
Son hysterography Saline Infusion Sonography
Injecting saline into the uterine cavity during sonography
to improve visualization of submucosal Myom .
Hysteroscopy
In certain cases a tiny camera is placed into the uterine
cavity to visually inspect and in certain cases remove submucosal fibroids
directly.
Hysterosalpingography HSG
Frequently used in workup for infertility can also detect
uterine cavity distortions due to fibroids.
Laboratory Tests
Blood work can include hemoglobin to screen for anemia iron
studies and sometimes hormonal assays if dysfunction is suspected.
Treatment Options for Myom
Treatment is based on severity of symptoms age of patient
fertility desire size number and location of the Myom and overall
health. There is a range of options ranging from conservative to more
aggressive.
Expectant Management Watchful Waiting
Asymptomatic Myom that are not a problem can be simply followed
over time. Many are stable or decrease in size after menopause. Serial follow up
with imaging and clinical evaluation is routine.
Medical Pharmacologic Treatments
Medical management is used mostly to manage symptoms particularly
bleeding and pain and to shrink Myom temporarily. Routine methods include
Nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs NSAID for relief of
pain
Hormonal therapy e.g. combined oral contraceptives or progestin
Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRHagonists or analogs these
create a reversible hypo estrogenic condition and decrease fibroid size
Tranexamic acid used to decrease excessive bleeding
Selective progesterone receptor modulators SPRMscan be found
in some areas
Remember that medical treatments are only temporary and Myom can grow again upon cessation.
Minimally Invasive & Interventional Procedures
Uterine Artery Embolization UAE Uterus Myom Embolization
In this process the blood supply to the uterine fibroids is
cut off through small particles delivered through a catheter resulting in
ischemia and fibroid shrinkage. It is possible to treat several Myom at once.
Magnetic Resonance Guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery MRg FUS
MRHIFU
This nonsurgical method applies focused ultrasound waves
guided by MRI to heat and ablate fibroid tissue while leaving surrounding
tissue intact. It is appropriate in carefully selected cases and is less
invasive compared to surgery.
Radiofrequency Ablation RFA Cryotherapy
Some fibroids may be ablated percutaneously or
laparoscopically with heat or cold methods.
Surgical Options
If symptoms are severe or fertility is no longer wanted
surgery is an option. The surgical options are
Resection of the fibroids with a view to preserving the
uterus. It can be done through open surgery laparotomy laparoscopic surgery or hysteroscopy
method in the case of submucosal fibroids.
Hysterectomy
Excision of the whole uterus. This is curative and ends the
fibroid issues for good. It can be done abdominally vaginally or
laparoscopically.
The decision between Myom and hysterectomy will depend on
the patients wish for future childbearing age size and number of fibroids and
overall health.
Selection of Appropriate Treatment
Upon determining a treatment regimen physicians and patients
typically consider multiple factors
Degree of symptoms bleeding pain pressure symptoms
Effect on quality of life
Need for future fertility
Age and distance from menopause
Size number location and growth rate of the fibroids
Risks and advantages of treatment modalities
Recovery time and morbidities
In the majority of instances multimodal treatment involving
medical therapy for symptom control in addition to procedural or surgical
intervention is employed.
Prevention and Lifestyle Strategies
Though Myom cannot always be prevented entirely some
lifestyle habits might decrease risk or slow growth
Stay at a healthy weight
Consume a balanced diet rich in fruits vegetables whole
grains and lean protein sources
Limit red meat consumption and processed foods
Control blood pressure and metabolic disorders
Regular physical activity
Follow menstrual health closely and seek evaluation for
heavy menstrual bleeding lasting more than a few days
Although these actions will not prevent but may help bring
about hormonal equilibrium and uterine wellness.
Prognosis and Long Term Outlook
The majority of uterine Myom are benign and will not become
malignant.
Numerous fibroids regress or become inactive after menopause
when estrogen production decreases.
If treated the results are generally excellent the majority
of women get better and have relief of symptoms with enhanced quality of life.
Recurrence can occur particularly after Myom and follow up is advised regularly.
Fertility results are determined by several factors but
surgical extirpation of submucosal fibroids tends to enhance fertility.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are uterine Myom cancerous
No. Myom are noncancerous benign smooth muscle tumors.
Malignant smooth muscle tumors are extremely uncommon leiomyosarcoma.
Can Myom cause infertility
Yes particularly if they distort the uterine cavity e.g.
submucosal Myom affect embryo implantation blood flow or uterine
contractility.
Are all fibroids surgical
No. Most fibroids are not symptomatic and can simply be
monitored. Surgery is reserved for symptomatic or complicated cases.
Will fibroids continue to grow indefinitely
Fibroids tend to grow slowly. Growth tends to be based on
hormonal levels. In most cases fibroids regress following menopause. Growth is
not always ongoing.
Can fibroids recur after removal
Yes recurrence after Myom is possible. The risk varies
according to number of fibroids removed age of patient and other factors.
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Conclusion
Uterine Myom are a frequent gynecologic disorder that occurs
in large numbers of women globally. Although most have no symptoms the disorder
can compromise quality of life fertility and wellbeing for others. Familiarity
with the definition etiology types symptoms diagnosis and treatment methods is
essential for decision making. A variety of treatments exist from expectant
management to medical therapy interventional radiology and surgery depending on
the individual woman specific needs and future reproduction.
If you suspect you may have a Myom or are noticing
symptoms like heavy periods pressure in the pelvis or infertility evaluation by
a gynecologist is important. Early diagnosis and management planning can
maximize results and preserve reproductive health.
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